Bivuye mu kwamamaza ku bufatanye bwo guhinduranya bateri mu gihugu, amahame mashya y’igihugu, no kwiyongera kw’ibikenewe mu mahanga, kugurisha imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zifite amapine abirihttps://www.qianxinmotor.com/fully-electric-800w-45kmh-dics-braking-scooter-electric-product/Mu Bushinwa hazarenga miliyoni 54 mu 2023, kandi icyerekezo cyo gukoresha amashanyarazi mu modoka zifite amapine abiri, gukoresha urumuri, ubwenge, no gukoresha ikoranabuhanga bizakomeza gukomera. Isoko rinini ryatumye habaho gukenera bateri nyinshi. Muri iki gihe, kwinjira kwa bateri za lithium, bateri za sodium, n'izindi koranabuhanga biri kwihuta, byihutisha iterambere n'impinduka mu nganda z'imodoka zifite amapine abiri zikoresha amashanyarazi.
Mu 2030, bateri z'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zifite amapine abiri zizaba zigaragaza imiterere ya "lithium sodium lead ibyinana hamwe" kandi igagabanya isi mo ibice bitatu. Icyerekezo cy'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zifite amapine abiri ni uguhinduka kuva kuri bateri za aside lead zijya kuri bateri za lithium na sodium. Bateri za lithium zifite ingufu nyinshi zishobora gutuma imodoka zoroha kandi zikagira intera ndende. Muri icyo gihe, gukoresha bateri za sodium bishobora kongera umusaruro w'ibigo no kongera ubushobozi bwabyo bwo kurwanya ibyago.
Mu myaka ya vuba aha, bitewe n’amahame mashya y’igihugu, igipimo cy’ubwinjirire bwa bateri za lithium cyariyongereye cyane. Ariko, mu myaka ibiri ishize, igiciro cya lithium karubone cyazamutse cyane kigera kuri yuan 600000 kuri toni, kandi igipimo cy’ubwinjirire cyaragabanutse. Abakora bahisemo bateri za aside ya lead zihendutse cyane kugira ngo bagenzure ikiguzi cy’ikiguzi. Muri icyo gihe, haracyari ibibazo byinshi by’umutekano n’ibibazo by’ubuziranenge butaringaniye ku isoko rya bateri za lithium ku modoka zifite amapine abiri.
Ariko hamwe n’ibiciro bihamye by’ibikoresho fatizo bya lithium-ion hamwe no kunoza politiki nshya y’igihugu, inzira yo gusimbuza aside ya lead na bateri za lithium-ion izihuta ku isoko ry’amagare akoresha amashanyarazi arenga miliyoni 350 mu Bushinwa, aho imodoka zigera kuri miliyoni 40 ziyongera buri mwaka.
Duteganya ko igipimo cyo kwinjira kwa bateri za lithium giteganijwe kugera kuri 50% mu 2023, gihwanye n'ubushobozi bwa 16GWh bushyizweho. Igipimo cyo kwiyongera kw'ibikenewe mu myaka itatu iri imbere kizagera kuri 30%. Ni muri urwo rwego, iterambere ry'amagare akoreshwa n'amashanyarazi asanzwe hamwe n'igihe cyo gukura cy'uburyo bwo guhinduranya bateri biteganijwe ko bizakomeza guteza imbere isoko ryiyongera.
Ukurikije uburyo ikoranabuhanga rya bateri ya lithium ifite amapine abiri rikoreshwa, imiterere y'isoko igaragaza imiterere y'inzira nyinshi zihurira hamwe n'uburyo bwinshi bwo kuyikoresha butera imbere. Bitewe n'uko bateri za lithium-ion zikenera amafaranga menshi mu gutwara imodoka zifite amapine abiri zikoresha amashanyarazi ndetse n'imiterere y'ibigo bitandukanye, ikoranabuhanga ritandukanye ry'ibikoresho bya lithium-ion ririmo kubaho. Mu gihe ikoranabuhanga rikomeje kuvugururwa no kuvugurura, ibigo bikomeye bizatangiza ibicuruzwa bifite igiciro cyiza cyane, bizayobora icyerekezo cy'inganda.
Ku rundi ruhande, bateri za sodiyumu zifite umwanya munini wo gusimbuza imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zifite amapine abiri bitewe n'inyungu zazo mu ikiguzi no mu mutekano.
Ukurikije politiki, kuva mu 2022, amashami atandukanye nka Minisiteri y’Inganda n’Ikoranabuhanga mu Itangazamakuru yagiye avuga kenshi ku gushimangira ubushakashatsi n’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga ryo kubika ingufu nyinshi nka bateri za lithiamu-ion mu migambi ya politiki yabo. Muri Nyakanga, ibimenyetso n’amazina bisanzwe bya bateri za sodium ion byasabwe ku mugaragaro, kandi bateri za sodium ion zabaye ingenzi mu bushakashatsi no kunoza iterambere.
Ukurikije uko ibicuruzwa bihagaze, hamwe no gukoresha bateri za sodium ion buhoro buhoro, ibiciro byitezwe ko bizakomeza kugabanuka, kandi igiciro cyo kugurisha n'inyungu rusange by'amagare bizakomeza gufunguka.
Bitewe n’uko ikoranabuhanga rijyanye na batiri ya sodiyumu rigenda rikura buhoro buhoro, iterambere ry’inganda zishyigikira uruhererekane rw’ibikoresho, ndetse n’ingaruka zabyo zigaragara buhoro buhoro, biteganijwe ko ikiguzi cyuzuye cya batiri ya sodiyumu kizagabanuka kikagera munsi ya 0.4 yuan/Wh mu myaka 5 iri imbere, ibi bikaba biri hafi y’ikiguzi cya batiri ya aside ya lead kandi bifite inyungu nini ugereranyije n’ikiguzi cya batiri ya lithiyumu. Nta gushidikanya ko ibi bizihutisha uburyo batiri ya sodiyumu yinjira mu modoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zifite amapine abiri, kandi inganda zayo zizahindura urwego rushya rw’impinduka ku modoka zifite amapine abiri.
Biteganyijwe ko ingano y’isoko rya bateri za sodium izagera kuri 91GWh na 1132GWh mu 2025 na 2030. Ingano y’isoko rya bateri za sodium izakomeza kwiyongera cyane mu myaka 8 iri imbere, kandi ingano y’ibicuruzwa bya sodium mu modoka zifite amapine abiri izagera kuri 8.6GWh mu 2030.
Muri rusange, inganda z’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zifite amapine abiri zagiye zinjira mu iterambere ryiza ryiganjemo kuvugurura ibicuruzwa, kwagura ubushobozi, imiterere y’imiyoboro, n’agaciro k’ikirango. Muri iki gihe cy’iterambere ryihuse mu nganda zikoresha amapine abiri, ni ngombwa cyane ko uruhererekane rw’inganda zose rukorana kandi rugashakisha uburyo bushya bwo guteza imbere, rugasangira ikoranabuhanga rishya rigezweho, kandi rugateza imbere iyubakwa ry’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima ruzima rw’inganda zose zikoresha bateri za lithiamu, bateri za sodium, imodoka zikoresha amapine abiri, no guhinduranya bateri.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza 18-2023